Mai ka waina mua i kauʻia, ua hala aku i ka makahiki hoʻokahi. I kēia manawa, uaʻikeʻia nāʻanoʻano he nui a me nāʻanoʻano likeʻole me nāʻano likeʻole o ke kū'ēʻana i nāʻano maʻi likeʻole, akāʻaʻole lākou i hoʻopau loaʻia. No nā maʻi nui o nā huawaina a me nāʻano hana e pili ana iā lākou, hiki iāʻoe ke aʻo mai kā mākou mea i kāwiliʻia.
ʻO nā maʻi make - anthracnose
ʻO kahi haʻuki maʻamau iʻAmelika,ʻEulopa a me Asia, na Gloeosporium ampelophagum Sacc i hoʻokumuʻia. Hiki keʻikeʻia kēia'ōpena i nā wahi me kahi anuanu a me ke anuanu, kahi i hiki i kahi manawa ke hāʻawi i kahi 30 mau hanauna o nā spores. Hoʻomaopopoʻia kona mālamaʻana no 5 mau makahiki, e hilinaʻi ana ma luna o ke kumu waina a me nā lau i hāʻule. Aia kahi anthracnose i keʻano o nā'ōpuʻuʻeleʻele, i hoʻopuniʻia e ka palena keʻokeʻo ma luna o nā lau, nā wana a me nā hapa. ʻO nā kiko o nā māla i hope iho, lilo i ka maʻi maʻi, e alakaʻi ana i ka maloʻo o ka waina. Hoʻopunipuniʻia nāʻelele'elepona me ka huaʻoleʻana i nā hua. ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana o ka hōʻoluʻolu me ka wā ua nui e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hopena o ka hua waina e hiki ai ke lilo i ka pauʻana o kaʻohi.
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ʻO nā maʻi o ka huawaina - mildew
ʻO kaʻinoʻino a me ka pahūʻana,ʻo ia ka hōʻino o nā pā waina a pau, me kaʻole naʻe, ma nā wahi a pau o kona hānauʻana. ʻO ka nui o ka pōʻino i hanaʻia e ka milili ma keʻano he nui ia ma muli o ka hoʻolālā o ka'āina -ʻo ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me ka hōkū,ʻo ka nui aʻe o ka maʻi. Kū mai ia ma muli o ka hana nui o ka pāʻina Plasmopara viticola Berl. a me Toni. Me ka momona momona o kēia manawa,ʻo ka pupuhi ka mea alakaʻi i ka pōʻino, e hōʻino ana i nāʻano'ōmaʻomaʻo o nā hua waina. ʻO ka hōʻailona mua o ka hōʻokiʻana o nā huawaina keʻikeʻia ma luna o nā lau o nāʻehu o kaʻaila o nāʻano likeʻole, me ka manawa e hele ai i nā wahi'elecrotic. ʻO nā hua o nā huawaina i lilo i lilo i'ōmaʻomaʻo, mae a make me ka maʻi. A laila, ua palahalaha ka'ōpū ma luna o nā'ōpū a me nā hui waina, kahi e hiki ai i ka palaho a me ka make.
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ʻO nā maʻi maʻi -'oidium
Me ka huhū, ka paukū momona a me ka oidium i kēia manawa, ka hanaʻino i nā māla waina a puni ka honua. ʻO ka mea kono o ka oidiumʻo Uncinula necator Burril, i hopuʻia ma'Europa mai ka'āinaʻAmelika Hema. Hiki iāʻoe keʻike i ka maʻi ma mua o kaʻikeʻana ma ke kumu waina o nā mea palahalaha i ka uluʻana o nā wana, me he mea lā i pahū i ka hopena me kaʻeleʻele hina. I ke kauwela, uaʻikeʻia kēia pehu keʻokeʻo ma nāʻaoʻaoʻelua o nā lau, a laila, hele ka leona i nāʻeha a me nā pua, a hiki i ko lākou make. ʻO ka mea hoʻonāukiuki no ka hoʻouluʻana i ka maʻi,ʻo ia ka ulu o ka waina.
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Ke kīkē nei i nā maʻi'ohia
No ka paleʻana i ka māla waina mai nā maʻi mai, e hoʻohana i kēia mau mea aʻe:
- Ka ulu o nā mea kū'ē i nāʻano maʻi a me nā hybrids.
- ʻO ka wā pono o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ola, me ka hopena hope loa o nā koena pāʻani a pau.
- Hoʻomaʻo pinepine i nā huawaina mai nā maʻi e nā mea lawelawe o nā antifungal.
ʻO ka maʻiʻana mai i nā maʻi
ʻO ka mālama muaʻana i ka māla waina mai nā maʻi e puka i ka manawa i'ōwiliʻia ai nā'ōpiopio e kahi 15-25 cm ka manawa. Hoʻohanaʻia kēia mau mea no ka'ōhinuʻana:
- 'opiʻi;
- "Horus" ;
- 'Alika;
- "Acrobat";
- "Ridomil";
- Kuproksat;
- "Helena";
- Hoʻohuiʻia Bordeaux.
Pono e mālamaʻia ke kau ma ka mahana a me ke kauwela, me ka mālamaʻole i nā lako palekana. Pono e hoʻomanaʻoʻia ka nui o nā mea fungicides i luna nei me ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e hiki ai iāʻoe ke hāʻawi like i ka māla waina me ka pale lua -ʻo nā meaʻelua a me nā meaʻeha.