I ka wā o ka nāwaliwali, ua nāwaliwali ke kumuwaina ma muli o keʻano nui o ka hoʻouluʻana i nā hua. I kēia manawa, a ponoʻoe e hoʻomaka e hoʻomākaukau i ka waina no ka hoʻoilo. Eia hou, ua hoʻoulu houʻia nā'ōpiopio i ka hāʻuleʻana o ka hua waina, no laila he mea pono e hoʻoholo i kahi kūpono no kēia.
Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana i kaʻohiʻaiʻana, e ninini i nā mea kanu, e hoʻokuʻu i ka lepo ma lalo o lākou a hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻia i nā mea kanu. No ka mālamaʻana i nā huawaina mai nā maʻi i ka wā e hoʻoholo ai, pono pono ke mālama i ke kumulāʻau me nā papa hana hoʻolālā. Eʻike i ka mea e hiki ke mālamaʻia i ka hopena mai nā maʻi.
Ke kīkē nei i nā maʻi'ohia
Hiki ke hōʻinoʻia nā māla e nāʻano fungal, maʻi viral a bacterial. Eia kekahi,ʻo nā maʻi o ka hua waina he pilikino: oidium, anthracnose, mildew, keʻokeʻo a me ke oho hina , a me ka maʻiʻole: chlorosis. No ka hakakāʻana i ka maʻi o nā hua waina, ponoʻoe eʻike i nā hōʻailona o kēia a iʻole kēlā maʻi.
ʻO kekahi o nā maʻi maʻamau loa o ke kumuwaina he lūlū, a me ka momona. ʻO kēia maʻi e hoʻopili i nā māhele'ōmaʻomaʻo o ka mea kanu: nā lau, nā'ōpiopio a me nā hua. ʻO kaʻoiʻana o ka maʻi i ka manawa maʻamau a me ka hoʻolālā kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka mua,ʻikeʻia nā kiko ma nā lau, aʻo ka kumu o ia mea e hana i kahi uhiʻeleʻele maʻemaʻe i loko o ka manawa maloʻo. Noho mālie ka hapa o ka lau a maloʻo. Ināʻaʻole mākou e ho'ōla i kēia maʻi o nā hua waina, a laila, hele mai ia mai nā lau i nā mea kanu a iʻole nā huaʻai, a me ka pauʻole o nā mea kanu. No laila, pono e mālama i ke kumu waina me ka pūnaehana pūnaewele a iʻole kelepona makalea paha, e like me keʻano, Bordeaux fluid , anthracol, cuproxate a me nā mea'ē aʻe.
ʻO ka pilikia maoli i ka hua waina,ʻo ia ka momona o ka momona o kēia manawa, a,ʻoiai, ua kapaʻiaʻo ia, oidium, he mea maʻi likeʻole ka maʻi. Hoʻopuka ka oidium i nā wēwī'ōpiopio mua loa,ʻo nā lau i'ōwiliʻia a uhiʻia me kaʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo. ʻO nā'aloʻula, a laila e nānāʻia nā hua e like me ka pīpīʻana i ka palaoa a me ka lehu. Ua pau nā huawaina, ua pau ka hua. No ka paleʻana i nā huawaina mai kēia maʻi, i ke kauwela e pono ai ke mālamaʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me Strobi, Topaz, Thanos, a pēlā aku.
ʻO kekahi maʻi maʻi kuhi, kahi e nui ai ka pōʻino o ka viticulture he anthracnose. Ke pili nei ia i nā lālā o nā huawaina, a me kona mau lālā, a me nā hua. Hoʻoulu koke i ka maʻi i ka wā ua. ʻO nā mea i hanaʻia me nāʻano maʻi e like me nā maʻi'ē aʻe: ma ke kauwela, ke kauwela a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana i kaʻauʻauʻana me nā mea hana me nā meaʻenehana o kaʻaha Bordeaux, anthracol, ridomil a me nā mea'ē aʻe.
Hoʻomaopopoʻia ka palakalaʻeleʻeleʻele a iʻole ka makeʻana o nā wānana i nā wahi me ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopilikia ka maʻi i nā māhele a pau o ka mea kanu. Ke komo ka hohonu o ka mycelium i loko o ka ululāʻau a ulu pinepine i lalo o ka uhi o nā hua waina. ʻO kahi papaʻi piha o nā pūnaewele ka paleʻana i nā spounga spores mai nā hopena o nā kinikona. No laila,ʻo ka hakakāʻana i nā meaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele he mea paʻakikī. Pono e weheʻia nā wahi maloʻo o ka mea kanu. I ka wā maʻamau, ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻiliʻana i ke kumuwaina, ponoʻoe e'ōwili i nā paila me ka hana keleawe.
Ka paleʻana i nā maʻi'oina
ʻO ka paleʻana i nā maʻi o ka māla waina,ʻo ia ka mea kanu e kū'ē i nāʻano maʻi, ka hana maʻamau o nā mea kanu momona phosphate-potassium, e kāpala i ka lepo ma lalo o nā kumu waina, ka laweʻiaʻana o nā keiki. Eia kekahi no nā kumu palekana i ka hāʻuleʻana, ma hope
ʻO kekahiʻano'ē aʻe e pale a kū'ē i nā maʻi o ka hua waina,ʻo ia ka hōʻailona kūpono o nā kumu waina, a me ka laweʻiaʻana o nā kapuaʻi e kāohi i ka nāhelehele,ʻaʻole e hoʻohanaʻia i kēia mua aku. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻonui ai i ka hoʻomahaʻana o nā lāʻau. No ka hōʻemiʻana i ka maʻi i ke kauwela, e hōʻiliʻili i nā lau maʻi a me nā wana a pono e puhi iā lākou. Pēlā e hanaʻia ma hope o kaʻohiʻana o nā hua waina.