ʻO nā papahana o nā pūnaewele hoʻokiʻekiʻe a me nāʻano o nā mea i hoʻohanaʻia no ke kūkuluʻana i nā hale e pili i keʻano hoʻolālā o ka hale a me ka hōʻoluʻolu o nā mea nona nā hale. ʻO ka ikaika o ka mea i waeʻia e pili ana i ke ola o ka hale.
Hōʻikeʻike o nā hoʻolāʻau
ʻO ka tileʻano. ʻO nā tileʻanoʻoihana e pili ana i nāʻano maʻamau. Loaʻa iā ia kahi palekana maikaʻi loa o ke kumukūʻai a me ka maikaʻi. ʻO ke kinikini kahi mea i ulanaʻia i kāʻeiʻia me kahiʻano polymer.
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Pāʻani keʻokeʻo. ʻO kēia kahi meaʻenehana maha o nā manawa hou o ka maikaʻi maikaʻi, ke koiʻia i ke kūkuluʻiaʻana o nā hale me nā wahi liʻiliʻiʻuʻuku. Hoʻokumuʻia ma luna o ka fiberglass i uhiʻia me ka bitumen. ʻO ka manaʻo e pili ana i ka granula basalt a me ka pahu kuhī koleke. ʻOno no kahiʻano paʻa o ka hale, no ka mea,ʻaʻohe ona poho i ka manawa e hoʻokomo ai. Pono i kahi kahua paʻa.
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ʻO ka sheeting maʻamau a Galvanized. Ke koho nei mākou i kahi pākuʻi hao i hanaʻia i nā pepa iʻikeʻia. Ua hoʻonuiʻo ia i ka paʻakikī, kūpono i ka halihali kaumaha a me ke kū'ē i kaʻinoʻino. ʻO nā mea i pili i nā koho kālā no ka hale.
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Nā pale lāʻau kūlohelohe. No kekahi o nāʻano kahiko o nā hale o luna. ʻO ka koho kūʻokoʻa nui i hanaʻia mai ka lepo lepo i hanaʻia, ua hanaʻia ka mea momona mai kahi huiʻana o ka lepo a me ke one. He kaulana ia no kona lōʻihi,ʻaʻohe ahi aʻaʻole e mae.
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Ondulin. He wahi kiʻekiʻe kona, e like me ka bitumen, ka cellulose a me kaʻaila puaʻa. Me ke kaumaha liʻiliʻi, ua like ka pepa me ka ikaika a me ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohanaʻana. ʻO ka nele o nā'anikoki e hana ai i ka pilina o ke kaiapuni. Hōʻoiaʻia no nā hale liʻiliʻi hikiʻole ke uhi i ko lākou iho.
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Ma waho aʻe o nāʻano i kūkuluʻia, e kūpono i nā hale āpau a me nā mansard, aia he pā pōhaku pahū, pākuʻi, kila kila a pākē paha.