ʻO nā huahana o kaʻoihana mushroom,ʻo ka mea iʻikeʻia ka mākaukau e hakakā i kekahi mau meaʻeleʻele, ua kapaʻia he lāʻau'alopelo. Ma muli o ka hanana hana olala a me ka nele o ka hopena maikaʻiʻole i nā kānaka, ua hoʻohana nuiʻia nā huaale beta-lactam i ka antimicrobial therapy, i lilo i mea maʻamau no ka mālamaʻana i nā maʻi.
ʻO keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka lāʻau beta-lactam antibiotic
ʻO ka mea nui o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau,ʻo ia ka heleʻana o kahi beta-lactam ring, e hoʻoholo ana i kā lākou hana. Hanaʻia ka hana nui i ka hanaʻana i nā loulou ma waena o nā enzymes microbial i kuleana no ke kūʻana o ka membrane i waho, me nā molekino o penicillins a me nā meaʻokoʻa a pau. Hiki i nā pilina koʻikoʻi ke kōkua i ka hoʻokaumahaʻia o ka hana o nā maʻi maʻi, ka hoʻopauʻana i kā lākou uluʻana, a laila ka hopena i ka make.
ʻO ka hoʻohālikelikeʻana i nā lāʻauʻalo peta-lactam
ʻEhā mau papa nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau:
1. Penicillins ,ʻo ia nā huahana o ka hoʻoukaʻana i nāʻano likeʻole o nā hakina pentillium. Wahi a ko lākou kumu i hala ai lākou he mau mea maoli a me nāʻano synthetic. Hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ka papa mua i bicillins a me benzylpenicillins. I ka lua, ua hoʻohanohanoʻia nā lāʻau'alopelo o ka papa beta-lactam:
- ʻO Ampicillin, iʻikeʻia heʻano nui o ka hana;
- Oxacillin, Methicillin - mau lāʻau lapaʻau, ka hopena o ka hopena;
- ureidopenicillins, i lukuʻia e nā beta-lactases (Piperacillin, Azlocillin);
- ʻO nā penicillas pūnaewele, i loko o nā mea'ūpena beta-lactamase (tazobactam, acid clavulanic), e pale ana i ka lukuʻia o ke konohiki e ka hua bacteria ( Amoxiclav , Unazin, Sulacilin, Augmentin).
2. Cephalosporins i hanaʻia e ka haʻalulu Cephalosporiumʻoi aʻe ke kūʻokoʻa i ka beta-lactamase ma mua o ka hui mua. Aia kekahi mau lāʻau lāʻau beta-lactam:
- Cephaloridine;
- Ceforaxime;
- Cefotaxime ;
- Cefoxytin.
3. Monobactams ,ʻo ia hoʻi ka'Azetona. ʻO kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau kahiʻoi liʻiliʻi loa o ka hana, no ka mea,ʻaʻole lākou i loaʻa i ka mana o strepto- a staphylococci. No laila, ua hoʻonohonohoʻia lākou, ma kahi o nā mea hoʻomalu gram-negative. Hoʻomaʻa pinepineʻia nā'onike e nā kauka inā loaʻaʻole iā lākou ka naʻauʻole i ka penicillins.
4. Nānā i loko o kēia mau mea ,ʻo ia nā pelekikenaʻo Meropenem a me Impenem, he mauʻano ia e loaʻa ai ka nui o nā hopena. Hoʻohanaʻia ka Meropenem no nā'ōpilikia pākiki nui loa, a ināʻaʻole he hana hou i ka laweʻana i nā lāʻau'ē aʻe.