Ua hoʻohana mākou i ka noʻonoʻo he mau lāʻau lapaʻau ia no ka hihia koʻikoʻi, akā, aia kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi e pale aku i ka maʻi iʻelua mau ala a ma ka manawa like e loaʻa ai ka hopena maikaʻiʻole o ke kino o ka mea maʻi. ʻO kēia mau lāʻau 'ʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo aʻulaʻula hoʻi, he mau mea laulima. He aha ka mea kūikawā e pili ana iā lākou?
"ʻO wai" ka poʻe pilikino e like me kēia?
ʻO kēia mau lāʻauʻeleʻele he papahana koʻikoʻi paʻakikī, nāʻano o ia mea e maopopo ai iā ia, pehea lā ka paʻakikī ināʻaʻoleʻoe he biochemist. Akā, e ho'āʻo mākou e hoʻomaopopo. No laila, he hui o macrolides he mau mea i komo i ka lactone macrocyclic, kahi e hiki ai ke helu i nā heluna kalapona. Wahi a kēia papahana, ua māheleʻia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i 14 mau me ke 16 mau lālā o ka macrolides a me ka azalides, a he 15 mau carbon carbon. Hoʻonohonohoʻia kēia mau lāʻau'alapila e like me ka pūpū o ka hānau maoli.
ʻO ka mua he erythromycin (i ka makahiki 1952), a mahalo nuiʻia e nā kauka. Ma hope aku, ma nā makahiki he 70 a me ka 80, uaʻikeʻia nā loiloi hou i kēia manawa, a ua iho koke aku i kahiʻoihana a hōʻike i nā hopena maikaʻi loa i ka hakakāʻana i nā maʻi. Ua lilo kēia i mea hoʻonāuki no ka noi hou aku i nā macrolides, no ka mea i kēia manawa ua nui loa kā lākou papa inoa.
Pehea e hana ai nā macrolides?
Hoʻopili kēia mau mea i loko o ka microbe cell a hoʻopau i ka inoa o ka pilina ma kona mau ribosoma. ʻOiai, ma hope o kēia hoʻouka kauaʻana, e haʻaleleʻia kekahi maʻi hilahilaʻole. Ma waho aʻe o ka hana antimicrobial, pono nā macrobic antibiotic immunomodulatory (regulative immunity) a me ka hana anti-inflammatory (akā,ʻano haʻahaʻa).
Hoʻopilikia kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i ka cocci gram-positive, microbacteria atypical a me nā pilikia kīnā'ē aʻe e hanaʻia ai ka pertussis, bronchitis, ka lahilahi, ka maʻi me ka maʻi'ē aʻe. I kēia mau lā, uaʻikeʻia nā pale kaua (hoʻohanaʻia nā mīmū aʻaʻole makaʻu i nā lāʻau'alopelo), akā naʻe, hoʻomau ka hana houʻana o nā hanauna hou i ka hana e pili ana i ka nui o nā maʻi.
He aha nā mea e hoʻohuiʻia ai nā pilikino?
Ma waena o nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻohanaʻana i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau,ʻo ia nā maʻi e like me:
- nā maʻiʻeha o ka maʻi maʻamau - ka diphtheria, ka moe moe, ka pneumonia āpau, ka hōʻeha o ka maʻi bronchitis, ka maʻi mai ka maʻi;
- nā maʻi o nā meaʻoluʻolu, kaʻili - folliculitis, furunculosis, paronychia;
- nā maʻi e lawe i ka moe kolohe - chlamydia, syphilis;
- nā'ā'ī wahaheʻe - periostitis, periodontitis.
ʻO nā macrolides hoʻi o ka hanauna hou loa e mālama i ka toxoplasmosis, kaʻeha (ma keʻano koʻikoʻi), ka gastroenteritis, cryptosporidiosis a me nā maʻi'ē aʻe i loaʻa i nā maʻi. Hoʻokomo pūʻia nā kinakino o ka hui macrolide no ka maʻi prophylaxis - i nā nihoʻokoʻa, ka'ōmumu, i ka hana ma ka'ōpū nui.
Nā kuhiakau a me nā hopenaʻaoʻao
E like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, he papa inoa o nā mea maikaʻiʻole a me nā mea hōʻeha, akā, pono e hoʻomaopopoʻia heʻano liʻiliʻi kēia papa inoa ma mua o nā meaʻokoʻa'ē aʻe. Ua manaʻoʻiaʻo Macrolides he mea lapaʻauʻole a palekana i waena o nā lāʻau likeʻole. Akā, i nā hihia koʻikoʻi, hiki i kēia mau manaʻo kūponoʻole:
- ka headahe, ka'ākau, lohe i ka make;
- kahe, ka maʻi kī, ka luaʻiʻana, ka hōʻeha kino;
- pālehu, hives.
Hoʻokomoʻia ka hoʻomākaukauʻana o ka hui o macrooids:
- ka wahine hapai a me ka wahine.
- nā keiki i lalo o 6 mau makahiki (ke noiʻoleʻia);
- ʻO ka poʻe i loaʻa ka nānā pono i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Me ka mālamaʻana i kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau, pono e mālamaʻia nā poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi huhū a me ka hana pīkī.
He aha nā mea e kuʻikahi?
Ke helu nei mākou i nā macrolides kaulana loa o ka hanauna hou, e hilinaʻi ana i kā lākou hoʻohālikeʻana.
- Natural: oleandomycin, erythromycin, spiramycin, midecamycin, leucomycin, josamycin.
- Semisynthetic: roxithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, flurithromycin, azithromycin, rookitamycin.
Ke hana nei kēia mau mea i nā lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau, aʻo nā inoa paha he mea likeʻole ia mai nā inoa o ka poʻe macrolides. Eia kekahi laʻana, i ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i ka "Azitroks" o ka mea waiwai paʻa he macrolide-azithromycin, a ma ka wai "Zinerit" - erythromycin.