ʻAʻole hiki keʻikeʻia i nā manawa nā pilikia me kaʻikeʻilima i ka manawa, i hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui i ka maikaʻi o ke ola. ʻO ka ho'āʻoʻana no ka'ikepō o ka hōʻailona hiki keʻike i kēia maʻi maʻi i loko o ka manawa pōkole me ka lawelaweʻana o nāʻoihana ophthalmologic. Nui nāʻano o kēia hana.
He aha nā ho'āʻo no ka'ikepō a me kaʻike o ke kala?
Keʻikeʻia kēlāʻano o kaʻike ponoʻole o kaʻili:
- protoanopia (haunaele me kaʻike kele i ke kele uula);
- deuteranopia (pilikia me kaʻike o ke kala i ke kelepona'ōmaʻomaʻo).
Eia kekahi, aia kahi o ka makapō piha, kahi iʻike ai nā kānaka i ka'ōuli o ka'ōuli me kaʻeleʻele keʻokeʻo - monochromasia.
ʻO kaʻike maʻamau o nā keo ke kapaʻia he trichromasia.
ʻO ke kumu o ka ho'āʻo no ka ninaninauʻana i ka makapō o ka'ōuli i loko o kahi oculist e nānā ana i kahi kanaka me nā kāleka me nā kiʻi me nā'āpana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Hoʻonui lākou i nā kiʻi a me nā kiʻi i keʻano e like me kaʻikeʻana o nā kānaka me kaʻikeʻana o ka laulā maʻamau, aʻo nā mea maʻi me nā hemahemaʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hana i kēia a nānā paha i nā kiʻi'ē aʻe.
ʻO Rubkin kahi ho'āʻo no ka makapō maka
ʻO ka haʻawina i nīnauʻia,ʻo ka nānāʻana i 23 mau kāleka. No ka mea, ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia kēlā me kēia a me ka 9-10 maukona o ka manawa. He mea nui e mālamaʻia ka hana ma ka mālamalama maikaʻi i ka hoʻomaha. Pono ke kiʻi ma ka pae likeʻole me nā maka o ka mea maʻi. Pono e nānāʻia nā kiʻi mai ka hema a hiki i ka'ākau, mai luna a lalo.
Ma luna o ke kāleka mua -ʻo ka helu 69, ma ka lua - he kiʻikuʻi a me ka huha. Hiki keʻikeʻia e nā poʻe me kaʻike o ke kala maʻamau, a me nā makapō. Hoʻokumuʻia kēia mau kiʻi e hōʻike i keʻano o ka pahuhopu no ka hoʻoholoʻana i ka makapō ākea aʻike i keʻano hoʻohālike.
Eia kekahi, e noʻonoʻo i nā kāleka i ka manawa, ka helu mua a iʻole ka mea iʻikeʻia i ka trichromant:
- 3 - helu 9. Me keʻano protoanopia a me ka deuteronomy,ʻikeʻia ka helu 5.
- 4 - triangle. Me ka makapō i loko o ka'ōmaʻomaʻo me ka ulaʻula o ke kēmu he poho.
- 5 - helu 13. Me ka deuteranopia a me proto anopia - 6.
- 6 - he kahaluni a me kahi triangle. ʻAʻoleʻike nā makapō i nā mea ma ka kāleka.
- 7 - hiki iā mākou keʻike i ka helu 9.
- 8 - helu 5. Hiki keʻikeʻia a me nā kānaka me nā pilikia kala, akā hāʻawiʻia me ka paʻakikī, lōʻihi ka manawa e nānā pono ai.
- 9 - kele 9 (ʻikeʻia e nā maʻi me ka deuteranopia). Me protoanopia - 6 aiʻole 8.
- 10 ka helu 136. Uaʻikeʻo Daltonics 66, 69, a 68 paha.
- 11 - helu 14,ʻikeʻia e nā mea a pau.
- 12 - ka helu 12,ʻokoʻa wale ke deuteranopam a me ka trichromantum eʻikea. ʻAʻole hiki i ka Proto-Nopes keʻike i kekahi mea.
- 13 - triangle a puni. I kaʻikeʻana i nā hewa me kaʻike o ke kelehe'ōmaʻomaʻo,ʻo ka huahelu mua wale nō,ʻulaʻula - ka lua.
- 14 - ma ka helu ma luna 30.ʻO nā proto-ops eʻike i laila 10, a ma lalo - 6. E hoʻokaʻawale nā Deuteranopes i kahi kiʻekiʻe a me 6 ma kaʻaoʻao lalo.
- 15 - he āpoe a me kahi hānai (mai luna mai). ʻO ka nele i kaʻike o nā keʻokeʻoʻulaʻula eʻae ai eʻike iʻelua mau huani ma luna a me kahi'āpana mai lalo iho, nā'ōmaʻomaʻo - hoʻokahi triangle a me kahi kūlike.
- 16 - helu 96. Me ka protoanopia,ʻeiwa wale nō keʻikeʻia, deuteronopia - 6.
- 17 - he kape a me kahi heluha. ʻO nā loli i kaʻikea o ka'āpanaʻulaʻula o ke keʻaheʻa e hāʻawi i kaʻike o ka triangle, a me ka'ōmaʻomaʻo -ʻo ia wale nō ka pōʻai.
- 18 - mau kihi ākea i hoʻokahi o ka malu, ke ākea - multicolored. Nānā nā Deiteranopes i nāʻanuʻu kūkākūkāʻano he hoʻokahi 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, aʻo nā mea ākea a pau eʻikeʻia e loliʻia. E nānā i ka Protanopes 3, 5 a me 7 mau laina kaulike ma kaʻili hoʻokahi, a me nā laina laina o nā'āpana.
- 19 - ka helu 25. Na makapō e nānā wale i 5.
- 20 - he kape a me kahi heluha. ʻO nā maʻi i nele i kaʻikeʻole i kekahi mea.
- 21 ka helu 96, hiki keʻikeʻia e nā proto-anopam. ʻAʻoleʻike nā Deiteranopes 9.
- 22 - helu 5. He paʻakikī i nā Daltons e hoʻomaopopo i ke kiʻi a iʻole hikiʻole.
- 23 - ma nā lālani kaupae, he mau kikowaena me nāʻokoʻa likeʻole, a ma nā laina kaulike - ke aka like. ʻO nā poʻe maʻi me nā makapō maka'āinana eʻike i ke kāleka kope.
ʻO ka hana a Rubkin no ka makapō maka o kekahi manawa i kapaʻiaʻo Rybkin (hōʻino), he mea nui eʻole e hoʻopili pū me nā papa o Ishihara a me Ishihara. Ua like lākou me kā Kāpena kāleka, akā, ma kahi o nā kiʻi kinona, ua hoʻohana nā ophthalmologist o Kepani i nā laina laulā mau.