ʻO ka'āpana ma ka mechanism o nāʻanoʻelua:
- pūnaewele;
- pale.
He pili pili loa lākou,ʻoiai lākou hana i nā hana likeʻole.
ʻO ka hana nui o ka pūnaewele o ka pūnaewele,ʻo ia ka hoʻomaopopo, kaʻaeʻaʻana, ka hoʻohemoʻana a me ka weheʻana i ke kino i kahi waiwai haole kahi e hiki ai ke hana i nā pūʻokoʻa, bacteria , toxins, haʻileʻa, pūnaewele tumo a me nā pūnaewele transplanted. A ua hiki i ka pūnaewele ke hoʻomanaʻo i nā pūnaeho kū'ē i hiki ke hālāwai hou me lākou, i hiki ke hoʻohemo koke.
He aha ka hopena palekana?
ʻO ka inoaʻo "humoral" e loaʻa mai ka hua'ōlelo'eneʻaka,ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻohālike me ka wai, ka makai. I kēia hihia,ʻo ia hoʻi ka wai i loko o ke kino:
- koko;
- maikaʻi;
- lymph, a me nā mea'ē aʻe.
ʻO ka maʻi male ka waiwai o konaʻano pono'ī. ʻO kāna hana,ʻo ia ka hoʻomaopopo a me ka lukuʻana i nā mea maʻi i loko o ke koko a ma ka extracellular space. E hoʻolako i kēiaʻano o nā maʻi B-lymphocytes. Ke hui nei nā lymphocytes me ka antigens, hele lākou i ka iwi o ka iwi, nā lymph nodes , nā kikola, nā mānoanoa a me kaʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi, nā kinai ma ka pharynx a me nā wahi'ē aʻe. Ma laila e māhele a hoʻololi lākou i nā pūnaewele plasma. Hiki i nā pūpili B-lymphocytes i nā mea'elepona a iʻole nā immunoglobulins'ē aʻe - nā mea protein e "pili" i nāʻona o nā haole - nā bacteria, nā maʻi. No laila, hoʻomanaʻo nā immunoglobulins iā lākou, e hoʻomaopopo ana iā lākou no nā pūpū plasma koko e hoʻopau ana i nā meaʻino a me nā kinopi i komo i ke kino.
ʻElima mauʻano o nā immunoglobulins:
- ʻA (Ig);
- D (Ig D);
- E (Ig E);
- G (IgG);
- M (Ig M).
ʻO ka nui,ʻo ia mau lymphocytes ma ke kino he 15% o nā mea a pau.
Nā hōʻailona o ka hoʻopaʻi palekana
Ma lalo o nā hōʻailona o ka palekana o ka palekana,ʻo ia ka nui o nā huapiʻi i hanaʻia a me nā mea hana'ē aʻe e komo i ka paleʻana i ke kino mai nā mea'ē aʻe, a me ka ikaika o lākou e hoʻomaopopo i nā mea likeʻole a me nā wai i loko o ke kino
Nā hanaʻino o ka hoʻopaʻi palekana
No ka hōʻoiaʻana i ka hōʻailona palekana a hōʻike i nā meaʻinoʻole, ua hoʻokōʻia kahi hōʻailona-kahi immunogram. I kēia hihia, ua hoʻoholoʻia ka helu o nā immunoglobulins o nā papa A, M, G, E, a me ka helu o nā B-lymphocytes, a me nā helu o ka pale a me keʻano mahalo i ka pūnaewele ma hope o ka hanaʻana i nā pākuʻi lapaʻau.
No kēia hōkeo, laweʻia ke koko mai ke kikowaena. ʻO ka lā ma mua,ʻaʻole i'ōleloʻia e hoʻonui i ke kino me ka ikaika,ʻaʻohe inu'awaʻale aʻaʻole e puhi. Hāʻawi ke koko i ke kakahiaka ma ka'ōpū o ka'ōpū ma hope o 8 mau lā o ka hoʻokēʻai, uaʻaeʻia e inu wai wale.