ʻO Bologna - he kama'āina nani a kaulana loa i Italia, kokoke kokoke i Milana , kahi hānau o ka hale kaulanaʻo Bolognese , kahi eʻike aiʻoe i nā mea hoihoi. Maʻaneʻi, nā hale hou e pili pū ana me nā hale kahiko, a me ka nānā aku i keʻano o ke kūkākūkāʻana i loko o ka hale holoʻokoʻa o ke kūlanakauhale. No laila, he aha ka mea e pono ai keʻike ma Bologna?
Ka Basilica o Saint Petronius
Ua kūkuluʻia kēia halepule nui i ka 1479 ma ka'āina oʻewalu mau hale pule. ʻO ia ke ono o ka halepule nui loa ma ka honua, ma mua o ko Bologna haʻaheo loa. Hanaʻia ka basilica ma keʻano o kahi keʻakeʻa Katolika, aiaʻekolu mau'ove a me nā hale pule. ʻO ka hoʻonaniʻana o ka hale pule, ma waho a ma loko, i hanaʻia ma kaʻano Gothic.
ʻO kahiʻano hoihoi o ka basilicaʻo ka meridian i kahakahaʻia ma luna o ka papahele, e hōʻoia ana i ka'ōlohelohe o ka Honua a puni ka Lā. Aia ma loko o ka hale puleʻelua mau'āpana -ʻo nā mea kahiko loa ma Italia.
Kulanui o Bologna
He kula hoʻonaʻauao kūikawā kēia,ʻo ia kekahi o nā kulanui kahiko maʻEulopa. I kekahi manawa, ua hāʻawiʻiaʻo Francesco Petrarca lāuaʻo Albrecht Durer, Dante Alighieri a me Paracelsus, Pope Nicholas V a me nā mea kaulana'ē aʻe a me nā mea pena i ko lākouʻike maʻaneʻi. Ua hoʻokumuʻia ke Kulanui i ka makahiki 1088 a ua liloʻo ia i waenakonu o ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻEpekema, i kapaʻiaʻo Studium. Ua'ākoakoaʻo Bologna University ma lalo o kona mau kuʻemaka i ka elite intellectual o kēlā manawa. I kēia lā,ʻoi aku i ka 90,000 mau haumāna i kākau inoaʻia maʻaneʻi e hele mai ana i Bologna mai nā wahi likeʻole o Italia a mai nā'āina'ē aʻe.
ʻO ka Neptune Fountain
Aia ma Piazza Nepttuno kahi hanaʻanoʻole. I mea e nānā ai i ke kahawaiʻo Neptune, nui nā malihini kipa i hele mai i Bologna. Ua kūkuluʻia kēia pūnāwai e ka mea kāpena Jambologni, i kauohaʻia e Cardinal Borromeo.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻonaʻokoʻa o kēia hoʻonaniʻana o Bologna, he kūlohelohe i ka hui waena. ʻO ka hoʻoleiʻia mai ke kai keleawe e ke aliʻi Neptune e paʻa ana i kona lima kahiko, a hoʻopuni hoʻi i kona mau'āpana keleawe, e hōʻike ponoʻia ana he kumu nui kēia i ka hihia ma waena o nā kānaka o Bologna. ʻO kekahi i hāʻawiʻia e "ʻaʻahu" i nāʻano moʻokalaleo i ke kolo keleawe, a ua hoʻoikaika ikaika kekahi i ka wāwahiʻia o ka hale, akā ua kū mau ka punawai o Neptune i kona wahi a hiki i kēia lā.
Nui nā'ōuli e pili ana i ka punawai Neptune. Eia kekahi laʻana, he mau manawa e hele a puni i ka hōʻailonaʻo ia ka hōʻailona "no ka luʻi", i hoʻohanaʻia e nā haumāna o ke Kulanui o Bologna, nā mea noho a me nā malihini o ke kūlanakauhale no nā makahiki he nui.
Pinakothek
ʻO ka hale kūʻai nui o Bologna ka National Pinakothek - kekahi o nā puna puna kiʻiʻoi loa ma Italia. Nui nā hōʻike nui loa: nā hana a Raphael a me Giotto, Guido Reni a me Annibale Carraz, a me nā aliʻi Pelekane'ē aʻe i kaulana i ka makahiki XIII-XIX.
Aia i loko o ka Pinacoteca he mau hale hōʻikeʻike he kanakolu. He mau hōʻike maʻamau no nāʻoihana hou o kēia manawa, nā papa hoʻonaʻauao.
Nā hale kiaʻi a me nā kauhale o Bologna
ʻO ka mea e kipa iā Bologna e hoʻomanaʻo i kona mau hale kiaʻi nui kaulana. Ua kūkuluʻia lākou i ka wā o ka wā, aʻaʻole waleʻo nā hale palekana wale nō. Ma nā kenekulia XII-XIII i waena o ka poʻe waiwai waiwai, ua manaʻoʻia he mea kaulana i ka hoʻonohonohoʻana i ka hale kūkulu hale no kona pono pono'ī. No laila, kūkuluʻia nā hale kiaʻi o Azinelli (ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke kūlanakauhale), Azzovigi, Garizenda a me nā hale kiaʻi'ē aʻe-hōʻailona o Bologna. E hiki i ko mākou manawa, he 17 mau hale kiaʻi o 180 i mālamaʻia i Bologna. He mau keʻena kūʻai kūʻai o nā mea kūʻai hale'āina e kūʻai ana i nā mea hoʻomanaʻo a me nā hana lima.
ʻO nā paepae he mau hale lōʻihi e pili ana i nā hale o ke kūlanakauhale me kekahi. ʻO lākou kekahi o nā kūkaʻi nani loa o Bologna me nā hale kiaʻi. Ma ka hopena o nā makahiki i hala aku nei, i ka wā iʻikeʻia ai ke kūlanakauhale, e lilo ana i hale kuhi kula kaulana a me kaʻoihana pāʻoihana oʻItalia, ua hoʻoholoʻo Bologna i ka kūkuluʻana i kēlā mau hale e kokoke ana i kēlā me kēia hale nui. A laila, he lāʻau lākou, a ma hope iho ua paniʻia i ka pōhaku, koe wale nō kahi hale lāʻau i ke alanui o Maggiore. ʻO ka hopena, ua pili kokoke ke kūlanakauhale i ka holomua o ke kūlanakauhale a pau: hiki iā lākou ke hele holoʻokoʻa, e hūnā ana i ka makani a me ka ua.
